From the Volkswagen Type 3 to the Passat and Audi 80 With prosperity growing in Western Europe, the trend was moving away from entry-level vehicles to better equipped middle-class models from the mid-1960s onward. At Volkswagen, this trend was recognised early on and from 1961 the Beetle (Type 1) moved aside to make room for the Type 3, which appeared to be bigger.
The air-cooled boxer engine, however, was still in the rear. This was actually a cause for concern and so the successor was planned with a front engine. After several failed projects, what was known as development order 272 was started around 1970: initially with a newly developed, transverse 4-cylinder in-line engine, which together with other Volkswagen models was meant to convey a family resemblance and fulfil the common parts strategy.
The vehicle was later called the Passat. At Audi, the focus was on the EA 838 with a longitudinally mounted 4-cylinder in-line engine developed in Ingolstadt. The concept car was originally somewhat smaller than the EA 272 and originally had a liftback. The new head of Volkswagen, Rudolf Leiding, ultimately discarded all parallel developments and made sure that engines and basic powertrain bodies came from Bavaria for the notchback Audi 80 from 1972 and the liftback Passat from 1973. The new compact cars Volkswagen was reluctant to enter the market segment below the Beetle. This was a complete contrast to the technicians and developers from NSU who were looking further to develop their small Prinz models. The new subsidiary, NSU, was successful with its two and four-cylinder Prinz cars, even though the air-cooled engine had also surpassed its zenith. Ultimately, the Wolfsburgers passed on the final order for the new compact cars to Ingolstadt. Claus Luthe, an Audi designer, was responsible for the design. From the very beginning, the project was intended for production in Wolfsburg.